An inwoner is a resident of a location. For example, someone could be an inwoner of Amsterdam, or of the Netherlands. The word does not imply citizenship, just residence.
A bewoner is a resident of a building. For example, someone could be a bewoner of a house or nursing home.

Oldest inwoner of the Netherlands in 1977: Mrs. La Forst-Van Geel. Credits: Koen Suyk, collection Nationaal Archief (CC-0)
